where is the city of enoch that cain builtrick roll emoji copy and paste

He could no longer farm the land, so he labored to build a city for his descendants. Shusterman, Neal. [250] An obvious mistake. And Cain went out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. Cain knew his wife. and 3500 B.C., that cranial deformation was widespread in the Ubaid culture, and Eriduthe worlds first city, possibly built by Cain or his sonwas Ground Zero for head shaping. While some believe these figures are literally the age ofreal individuals, many believe they represent much longer periods of ancestral dynasties within the family line. Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee. If we look carefully at the name Mesh-ki-ang-gasher we may see a similarity between Cain and Kian Mesh-ki-ang-gasher. Only that in the case of Abraham, Abraham was the advocate. Who Was Enoch? Genesis' "first city," Enoch, created in the mythical land of Nod by Adam's son Cain is identified as being in Mesopotamia and the land of ancient Sumer. We note that Cain, who previously had no response to the living, personal God, when God was warning him against sin, and afterwards when God was calling him to repentance. The name of the one Just as Eridu was the home of Enki, Enlil was chief deity at Nippur, Inanna (Ishtar) was supreme at Uruk, the sun god Utu was the patron deity of Sippar, and so on. But that didn't mean that those who weren't in the city at the time were out of luck. Answer (1 of 9): Paul Dulaney 's answer is of course correct. ", L.A. Waddell who studied Sumerian, and wrote "Makers of Civilization in Race and History" translated Uruk as Enoch from the Sumerian Unug. This could indicate that he tunneled below, and that Enoch was an underground city, thus fulfilling the curse against the serpent who would "crawl on his belly" and "eat dust". is of the sort that a parent would direct to a son or daughter who was sulking. It appears that everybody from every strata of the Eridu culture had a deformed skull. Modern revelation teaches that Enoch "saw the Lord, and he walked with him, and was before his face continually." (D&C 107:49.) A place where human beings can escape from a sense of alienation and restlessness. And when Cain had traveled over many countries, he of all set boundaries about lands: he built a city together to it; and called that city Enoch, after the //josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 2 concerning the posterity.htm, The World was Created by God Nearly Six Thousand Years Ago situated outside our world altogether. 3378-3013. "So Cain went out from the Lord's presence and lived in the land of Nod, east of Eden". Cain has gone into restlessness. They are written by men and women in ministry of many backgrounds and express their opinions, experiences and testimonies which are not necessarily that of All Pro Pastors ministry. Archaeologists who study the Ubaid culture agree that it spread from Eridu in southeast Iraq, eventually going as far as what is today northwest Iran, northern Syria, southern Turkey, and the Levant (Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/Israel). Here the God estranged wanderer could settle in, take root and consider himself at home. Enki was the god of magic, craftsmanship, and wisdom. Cain held the truth of God in unrighteousnessbecause, when he knew God, he glorified Him not as God, neither was thankful, but became vain in his imaginations, and his foolish heart was darkened..and even as he did not like to retain God in his knowledge, God gave him over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient, being filled with all unrighteousness While talking to the Lord, Enoch expressed his full confidence in Zion, saying, "SurelyZionshall dwell in safety forever" (Moses 7:20). He is described as a son of Cain, and father of Irad. This project reached a climax later with the building of the tower of . When he built a city, he called the name of the city after the name of his son, Enoch. In time, the city grew to house a holy shrine and a controversial temple the first Tower of Babylon (see Genesis 11:1-9). Genesis 4:16. * In the last days, the city and its people will return to earth and be part of the New Jerusalem. "And Enoch beheldangelsdescending out of heaven, bearingtestimonyof the Father and Son; and the Holy Ghost fell on many, and they were caught up by the powers of heaven into Zion" (Moses 7:27). Fortunately, the scriptures, especially the Pearl of Great Price, provide details about the divine destiny and history of the City of Enoch. Not a few, and not just the elites. The Sumerian language may have pronounced Adams name as Utu and Cain as Mesh-ki-ang-gasher, if so, Cains son would be pronounced Enmerkar, who was the son of Meshki-ang-gasher. "Cain knew his wife. It provides deep and powerful insights into crucial Restoration doctrines, particularly doctrines relating to the plan of salvation. Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth the truth may enter in. ", Origen, Jeremiah Homily; quoted in Delaney (1996), pp. After Cain arrived in the Land of Nod, to which he was evicted by the Lord as his punishment for murdering his brother . The importance of a deity was, as youd guess, tied to the fortunes of its city. (Genesis 4:18) (B.C. [12], Land of Nod Road is the name of a residential road in Windham, Maine, US (434502N 702243W / 43.7506N 70.3787W / 43.7506; -70.3787 (Land of Nod, Windham, Maine)), and a private road in Headley Down, Hampshire, UK (510716N 04759W / 51.1211N 0.7998W / 51.1211; -0.7998 (Land of Nod, Headley Down)). 125126. During his ministry, Enoch also built a city for the people of God or the people who repented and were baptized. Thank you Ps Bill for your blog this one gives me much food for thought. For Cain begat Enoch, in whose name he built a city, an earthly one, which was not from home in this world, but rested satisfied with its temporal peace and ///christianbookshelf.org/augustine/city of god/chapter 17 of the two fathers.htm, Concerning the Posterity of Adam, and the Ten Generations from Him 2. Uruk is a strong contender for the city that Cain built. Or eternal life in God's kingdom? The Israelites face continuing opposition, The Israelites fight the remaining Canaanites, Israel under the 'judges': Othniel and Ehud, Gibeah is destroyed & the Benjamites punished, The Ark of the Covenant is captured at Aphek, 30. Incorporated in 1966, Enoch City boasts of its history of the Old Spanish Trail, its pioneer heritage, its unprecedented growth, its family values, and its delicious water. Cain went away from the presence of the Lord and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden. The Eridu Crania: A Preliminary Report,, https://allpropastors.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/elongated-Skuls-3.jpg, https://allpropastors.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/logo-t.png, Cain, the First City, and the Mystery of Head Shaping, Copyright - All Pro Pastors International. Text, maps & photos (unless otherwise stated) by Chris & Jenifer Taylor 2023. The last word, Enoch, might be a later addition. The importance of a deity was, as youd guess, tied to the fortunes of its city. 4300BC (Ubaid period) City abandoned between 2663-2500BC (Time of flood 2663BC all of Cain's descendents are dead) His purpose was much the same as that of the builders of the Tower of Babel, who wanted to keep mankind together that they might form a powerful community. Question: We read in Genesis 4:17 that "Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch." The first is that Cain was not sentenced to death for his crime of murder, some leniency can be seen in his sentence that may have been extended to him because of his age. and 3500 B.C., that cranial deformation was widespread in the Ubaid culture, and Eridu, the worlds first city, possibly built by Cain or his son, was Ground Zero for head shaping. Either Cain built a city and named it after the mighty Enoch, or else Enoch built a city.[1]. The differences in the story are at least partly due to the ebb and flow of power over the centuries. )In the Epistle of Jude he described as "the seventh from Adam;" and the number is probably noticed as conveying the idea of divine completion and rest, while Enoch was . The Sumerian King List describes Eridu as the first city in the southern Mesopotamian area that had a king. He was 68 (approx), and in a regular lifespan that would be old, but for Cain it meant that he was probably emerging out of childhood. First that it was built with a brother's blood as its cornerstone. But when the Divine sentence was passed, basically divorcing Cain from the earth for life, cursing any attempts at farming, and making him a homeless exile, Cain responded with passionate pleading. The Letter to the Jewish believers in Antioch, The General Letters: James, Jude, Peter & John, The Letter of James to the Jewish believers, The Letter of Jude to the Jewish believers, The 1st Letter of Peter to the Jewish believers, The 2nd Letter of Peter to the Jewish believers, 19. He built a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch. "Some authors carried the groaning and shaking interpretation over to Gen 4:16 when they commented on Cain's dwelling place. Cain left the presence of the Lord. Ironically , Nod means Wanderings. (In the Septuagint's rendering of the same verse God curses Cain to , "trembling". Because of this, it is most likely Enoch did not travel to the land of Canaan. We know that the use of the word "bosom" in this instance means more than just some vague, heavenly location. They have also uncovered fragments of bitumen-covered reed boats used by these early people (similar to those still used by the Marsh Arabs of southern, Over the years, the sandy island was slowly extended by building out over mats of berdi reeds laid at the waters edge, and the surrounding swamplands were gradually drained. According to the Biblical account, the first Mesopotamian city was built by Cain's descendents. The city of Uruk started sometime before 4000 BC. There must have been others and at least two of them were girls, because Cain and Seth both married and had children of their own. When he built a city, he called the name of the city after the name of his son, Enoch" (4:17). Derek is a Christian, a husband and a father. It appears, based on human remains dated to between about 10,000 B.C. The Jewish World of the Old Testament, Sources of the History of Israel and Judah. In Eridu, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28,800 years. Eve said, God has granted me another child in place of Abel, since Cain killed him (Gen 4:25). Whoever indeed forsakes God, who abandons understanding, whose thinking is continually 'in the land of Nod' dwells there today also, that is, that person remains in wicked unsettlement of heart and in commotion of mind.". Adam and his male successors, in the nine generations before Noah, fathered their first-born male at ages between approximately 160 and 200. The city of Cain is built on the captivity of the many to the dominance and vengeance of the few. When God flooded the earth there were great Explosions and upheavals all over the earth. Answer. He builded a city.--Heb., was building, that is, began to build a city. 2.51.45), , Byron 2011, p. 101. Enoch. Learn how your comment data is processed. So Cain departed from the presence of the Lord. She conceived, and gave birth to Enoch. For thousands of years, people have wondered: Where did it go? 2 "And she again bare his brother Abel. According to Genesis 4:16: And Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. (Note: Were using dates that are generally accepted by a consensus of scholars so we dont get bogged down arguing about the timeline. From the scriptures, we know that Enoch came east out of his homeland of Cainan to preach repentance unto the people. First, it demonstrates that Cain has not learned the lessons of his previous crime and his greed has developed to the point that he now marks off property that he has obtained so that it might not be stolen back from him. Genesis 11:4 And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. The Journey continues from Sinai to Moab, The Israelites defeat King Sihon and King Og, The Israelites defeat the kings of Midian, Canaan is divided among the twelve tribes, 28. Would he finally be at rest? When the people of God were attacked, their enemies fled to "a land out of the depth of the sea, and so great was the fear of the enemies of the people of God, that they fled and stood afar off and went upon the land which came up out of the depth of the sea" (Moses 7:14), which could have been anisland or a peninsula in the general region of the City of Enoch. How to get right with God: Sacrifice or Faith? At the time of Abels murder Cain appears to have emerged from the childhood stage but was not yet able to father children. Unique Circular Format . Forget about the burden of living under the curse. So the question above mentions that, "Cain had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch, after the name of his son" (Gen 4:17 nasb) - Building a city takes time and Cain had the time far above that of regular human beings. As for their location now, it's quite possible the citizens of the City of Enoch still reside within it. Three authors who are experts in ancient cultures bring you this verse-by-verse, even word-by-word commentary, the most thorough and reader-friendly treatment available. Figuratively, Isa. To go much deeper with author and Biblical History Researcher Derek Gilbert read his recent book The Great Inception. Of the 206 sets of remains the archaeologists exhumed, all of the crania had been deformed in one fashion or another., Now, instead of asking why, the lead archaeologist decided earth pressure after burial was the cause. Some scholars, such as Egyptologist David Rohl, believe its possible that the he in the second sentence refers to Enoch, not Cain. We only know the names of three of their children: Cain, Abel, and Seth. Even if he settles down he can never truly settle down, for he is sentenced by God to go nowhere, and to find nothing, and to have perpetual insecurity. (Isaiah 26:1-5), Your email address will not be published. Both Enmerkar and Enoch have the Sumerian prefix En, meaning ruler or lord. And Mesh-ki-ang-gasher, as we noted, seems to have a literary resemblance to Cain in its middle. He had a son named Methushael, and Methushael was the father of Lamech. The reunion of the City of Enoch to the earth in the Millennium will be its final resting place, and God's abode during this 1,000-year period. To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad fathered Mehujael, and Mehujael fathered Methushael, and Methushael fathered Lamech. Your theological questions answered right here on Quick Study Q&AEmail questions to questions@thestreamtv.comWEBSITE: . The realization that they had disappointed their Creator and condemned their children and their childrens children until the end of time to lives apart from Yahweh must have been nearly unbearable. Cain built a city. In Fevre Dream by George R. R. Martin, the Land of Nod is suggested as a place where vampires originated. He saw the God of Heaven weep as He looked upon the wickedness of the world and the eventual flood that would destroy the wicked, events that would not happen for hundreds of years. Now Cain dwelt in the land of trembling, in keeping with what God had appointed for him after he killed Abel his brother. SHALOM SHALOM (perfect peace), as you continue to keep your mind staid on Him in whom is everlasting strength. The seven kings with whom she commits fornication, ultimately turn on . He saw God receive Zion "up into his own bosom" (Moses 7:69). As a rule, only the eldest son is mentioned in the genealogies, and Abel's birth is chronicled chiefly because of his tragical end, leading to the enactment of the merciful law which followed and to the sundering of the human race. Cain built a city and named the city after his son Enoch. The majority of Adams antediluvian male offspring fathered children before they reached the age of 200, including four of them who were in their 160s when they first became fathers. The city of Uruk was well on its feet by the time Tubal-Cain was working with metal. We Bible-believing Christians dont reject science when we interpret data through a biblical lens. A possible description we have of where the City of Enoch might have been located is in Moses 7:17, which states that the people of Enoch "were blessed upon the mountains, and upon the high places, and did flourish," making it possible that the City of Enoch could have been built somewhere in a mountainous region. Cain went away from the presence of the Lord and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden. and Jarmo, east of modern-day Kirkuk in Iraq (c. 7100 B.C.) Why is your face downcast?" This Enoch is not to be confused with Enoch, son of Jared, to whom the authorship of the Book of Enoch is ascribed. As we explore ancient Christianity, we can better understand our own beliefs and practices and those of our fellow Christians today. Question: I am curious about the metaphysics of: land of Nod, Cain's wife, and the Son/City of Enoch. Isaiah predicts the fall of Israel & Judah, Prophecies written before the fall of Jerusalem, Isaiah reassures King Ahaz of God's support, Troubled times and a glorious future kingdom, 40. However, the local Sumerian people seem to have had their own records of what happened in those days. (Ge 4:16, 17; FUGITIVENESS, LAND OF A land "east of Eden," in which the condemned murderer Cain took up residence. Ecclesiastes 2:4-11 I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards: . Methuselah the oldest member of the family recorded here lived for 969 years (Genesis 5:27). He has also published the novels The God Conspiracy and Iron Dragons, and hes a contributing author to the nonfiction anthologies Gods Ghostbusters, Blood on the Altar, I Predict: What 12 Global Experts Believe You Will See by 2025, and When Once We Were a Nation. Enoch (dedicated).The eldest son of Cain, (Genesis 4:17) who called after his name the city which he built. "Consequently, Cain's activity as a builder serves two purposes in Josephus. Israel becomes a kingdom under Saul and David, Jonathan demolishes the Philistine pillar at Geba, Saul is killed by the Philistines at Mt Gilboa, The Ark of the Covenant is brought to Jerusalem, David's victories over Israel's neighbours, Absalom's flight & his rebellion against David, 31. An archaeological dig at Eridu just after World War II discovered about a thousand bodies that were buried during the Ubaid. Genesis 4:17 And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bore Enoch: and he built a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch. Eventually, the people of the City of Enoch were translated and taken from off the earth. (Cain) builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch (or Chanoch)." Genesis 4:17 Genesis then goes on to chronicle Cain's basic lineage down through Lamech's sons and daughter (Genesis 4:18-24). The first city was built, not by Enoch but by Cain. Obadiah foretells the punishment of Edom, Obadiah prophesies the resurgence of Israel, 46. When Cain was banished from the garden he was tilling, he fled to the land of Nod (Genesis 4:16 KJV). According to the Book of Jubilees 4:9, Enoch's mother/aunt was named Awan. Not as Cain, who was of that wicked one, and slew his brother. Hes been a regular speaker at Bible prophecy conferences in recent years. The city may therefore have been called Eridu after Enoch's son Irad (see Genesis 4:18) (see 4 on Map 35). From the scriptures, we know that Enoch came east out of his homeland of Cainan to preach repentance unto the people. When he built a city, he called the name of the city after the name of his son, Enoch. Second, the founding of a fortified city not only adds to the protection of his property it also concentrates his power by causing his family to live in one place. Some scholars, such as Egyptologist David Rohl, believe its possible that the he in the second sentence refers to Enoch, not Cain. When he built a city, he called the name of the city after the name of his son, Enoch. A city doomed to judgement. Dear members and friends, I still remember a long and intense debate I had with my church friends regarding the wife of Cain. In this city the people were of "one heart and one mind, and dwelt in righteousness; and there was no poor among them." (Moses 7:18-31.) After that, the practice seems to disappear. We are living in the final stages of Cains grand experiment, for the Bible tells us that the real story of human development is the contrast and strivings of two cities, the doomed city of man and the ultimately triumphant city of God! The first city known by archaeologists to exist in Mesopotamia was Eridu. After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu. Isaiah offers comfort to those in exile, Words of comfort after the fall of Jerusalem, Those returning are encouraged to follow the LORD, The LORD's blessing will rest on Jerusalem, 41. The first city built inthe Bible was the city f noch named after the prophet Enoch.Gen_4:17 And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he [Enoch] builded a city . That's what we read about in the second chapter of Genesis. God was keen to see the line to Christ continue. Thats about the same amount of time thats passed between Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt and you reading this sentence. Enoch then built "the city of holiness, even Zion." (Moses 7:19.) Sumerian was replaced by the Semitic Akkadian language around 2000 BC. Cain's son Enoch, the grandson of Adam (see Moses 5 ), is different from Jared's son Enoch, who was six generations from Adam and built the city of Zion (see Moses 6-7 ). Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, OT Law: Genesis 4:17 Cain knew his wife (Gen. Ge Gn). (Genesis 4:16-17) The story of Cain; his rejected worship, the murder of his brother, consequently ,his sentence to be a vagabond on earth, and the city he built, is one of the primary lessons of . According to the Biblical account,the first Mesopotamian city was built by Cains descendents. And she conceived and she bore Enoch.". Therefore, to dwell in the land of Nod can mean to live a wandering life. It's unclear where the City of Enoch was located. The Apostle John sets Cain and Christ out as the only two alternative humanities. Lets just hope when archaeologists 8,000 years from now discover the remains of. To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad fathered Mehujael, and Mehujael fathered Methushael, and Methushael fathered Lamech. After the birth of Enoch, the Hebrew text of Genesis 4:17 is unclear. But that mark was not enough for Cain, for he chose not to believe in it. Adam and Eve. The Sumerian King List, dated to about 2100 B.C., records it this way: After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu. Seth named his son Enosh, again using the Sumerian prefix En.. Indeed, as you say, his city would have represented the humanistic world of our times, where the behaviours, practices and attitudes of verses 29-32 abound. This Enoch is not to be confused with Enoch, son of Jared, to whom the authorship of the Book of Enoch is ascribed. (Genesis 5:21) ff. Jesus reaffirms its idea by mentioning "the father below" who is the father of lies and the first murderer (Cain). Other than a sarcastic, cynical retort, Am I my Brothers keeper?,Cain had no real response to God. Genesis 4:1-17: 1 "And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain and said, 'I have gotten a man from the Lord.'". -Genesis 4:17. However, the older Sumerian story credits Enki with giving life to all things, including mankind, and names Enlil the slayer of Tiamat. It means train in Proverbs 22:6 ("Train up a child"), but is used in Deuteronomy 20:5 of the dedication of a house; and thus Cain also calls his city "Enoch," dedicated. Using the website implies your agreement to the use of cookies. Enoch is a person in the Book of Genesis. [16], In the Arc of a Scythe series by Neal Shusterman, the Land of Nod is mythologized as containing a mythical fail-safe against the Scythedom and becomes critically important to the plot of the third book.[17]. The Sumerian language has no modern equivalent language, unlike Akkadian, so we may not always see an immediate connection in the Sumerian words or names they used. Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 03:47, Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures, Legends of Cain, Especially in Old and Middle English, "What's on around Petersfield and East Hampshire today, May 7, 2017", "Land of Nod | Define Land of Nod at Dictionary.com", The wandering Cainidae, or, The ancient nomads: a lecture delivered to the Medical Society of Dubois County, and to the citizens of Huntingburgh, Indiana, April 22, 1879, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_of_Nod&oldid=1130429873. Cain built a city and named it after his first born son, Enoch. Its Native American name was Nena Saawaattawattocks. In Sumerian, it wasknown asNun-ki meaning the mighty city (a name later transferred to the mighty city of Babylon). The name Nod is related to the participle, Byron (2011), pp. Follow along then as I read, beginning at verse 17: "Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and bore Enoch. He came to love in the land of Nod. Cain, it seems, could not yet father children because it wasnt until he had left the area and started his building project that he fathered his son Enoch. He was afraid that someone would take vengeance upon him. Enoch: Son of Cain, Biblical figure. Is it possible to remake the world, without God? From Acts of the Apostles to John's Revelation, 12 Aug. 1 Corinthians 10:16-17,11:20-34, 2 Feb. Genesis 29:31-35,30:1-12,17-24. 'Nod' in the Greek language means trembling. Science is the process by which we collect and record information to test theories about the way things are. This civilization is called the Ubaid culture by scholars. Finally Jude warns of those false converts and will worshippers who have gone in the way of Cain. Cain was then building a city, and he named it after his son Enoch. The story of Cain and his line is designed to teach us something about all of fallen humanity, as regarding our relationship to God, ourselves and our environment. The realization that they had disappointed their Creator and condemned their children and their childrens children until the end of time to lives apart from Yahweh must have been nearly unbearable. Enoch had a son and named him Irad. According to Genesis, Cain was banished from the presence of the Lord and sent to dwell in the land of Nod, East of Eden. The articles and information in this website are for education, motivation, encouragement and challenge. 3870. Although Enlil was the king of the gods, Enki was the keeper of the, (sounds like mezz), decrees of the gods that formed the fundamental concepts and gifts of civilization. Both biblical data and extra-biblical evidence suggest that Cain's motivation for building the city involved three factors. Its something we usually only hear about from fringe pseudo-scholars who blame the phenomenon on extraterrestrials. Now this name, in Hebrew Chanoch, is of the utmost importance in estimating Cain's character. From the Kingdom of Israel to the Exile, 5. However, "mountains" and "high places" could also mean sanctuaries or places of worship, not necessarily the location for a city. Sep 01, 2011. The city of Enoch thus becomes man's prototypical city of refuge. How to Start an APPI Table of Champions Chapter, Life after Eden must have been a crushing disappointment for early humans, especially the First Couple. The Pearl of Great Price: Verse by Verse Commentary. Inventions. He is described as a son of Cain, and father of Irad. The birth, occupation, and offerings of Cain and Abel. The Sumerian language died out, (as related in Genesis 11), but their Akkadian neighbours language grew and developed into several modern languages. It became a city of blood and vengeance. Cain essentially dedicated the first Biblically known antediluvian city after his first child, to become the city ( ) of Enoch (Gen.4:17). What can we say about Cain's wicked sanctuary-city of Enoch? Jonah goes to Nineveh & Nahum condemns it, Jonah is thrown overboard to appease the gods, 42. Evidence of head shaping has been found at sites all over Iraq, southwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, the valleys of the Zagros mountains, and the western shores of the Persian Gulf, dated from 7500 B.C.

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